In the world of software development, designing a scalable and reliable system is essential to provide a seamless user experience. There are various system design techniques that developers use to achieve these goals. However, some techniques stand out for their ability to optimize the performance and scalability of the system. In this article, we will discuss some of these techniques and understand how they can benefit developers in designing robust and efficient systems. By the end of this article, you will have a better understanding of these techniques and how to implement them in your projects.

Horizontal Scaling:

Horizontal scaling is the process of adding more servers to our application instead of increasing resources on a single server. This approach is commonly used when a single server cannot handle the incoming traffic. By distributing the traffic between multiple servers, we can handle more traffic and ensure the availability of our application even if one server goes down.

Load Balancers:

One of the challenges of horizontal scaling is distributing incoming traffic between multiple servers. To solve this problem, we use a load balancer. A load balancer is a reverse-proxy server that sits in front of multiple servers and distributes incoming traffic based on predefined rules.

Load balancers can use various algorithms to distribute traffic, such as round-robin, weighted round-robin, IP hash, least connections, and others. The most common algorithm is round-robin, where the load balancer distributes traffic evenly between all available servers.

Content Delivery Network:

When our servers are scattered across the world, we can use a Content Delivery Network (CDN) to improve the performance of our application. A CDN is a network of servers located in different parts of the world, and it caches our static content such as images, videos, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files.

When a user requests our web application, the CDN delivers the static content from the nearest server to the user. This reduces the latency of our application and improves the overall user experience.

Caching:

Caching is the process of creating copies of data so that it can be retrieved faster. This technique is commonly used to reduce the number of requests sent to the server, as fetching data over the network can be expensive in terms of time and resources.

Web browsers use caching extensively to reduce the load on servers. When a user visits a website, the browser caches static content such as images, CSS, and JavaScript files. This allows the browser to load the content from the cache instead of sending a new request to the server.

In addition to browser caching, servers can also cache frequently accessed data in memory or on disk. This technique is commonly used for database queries, as querying a database can be an expensive operation.